Specific tests are all examinations that cannot be classified under the subsidiary examinations described above or the neurological/vascular examinations. These tests will be discussed per joint region.
Recent evidence-based research shows that the sensitivity and/or specificity of many classic specific tests is limited. A dependable diagnosis can rarely be made or discarded exclusively based on a specific test. A conscientiously taken medical history, combined with physical examination and laboratory and/or radiographic examination, are always necessary.
Specific tests will continue to be incorporated in the physical-diagnostic examination considering the following reasons:
- Practically: They are still being practiced in various medical centres.
- Didactically: They may help in giving more insight into the pathology being examined.
- Necessity: In areas where sophisticated diagnostic techniques are not available.