- splenius capitis muscle:
- origin: lower part of nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7 and T1-T4
- insertion: superior nuchal line and mastoid process
- splenius cervicis muscle:
- origin: spinous processes T3-T6.
- insertion: transverse processes C1-C3
- semispinalis capitis muscle
- origin: transverse processes C4-C7 and articular processes C4-C6
- insertion: between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line
- semispinalis cervicis muscle
- origin: transverse processes T1-T6.
- insertion: spinous processes C2-C5.
- levator scapulae muscle
- origin: transverse processes C1-C4.
- insertion: superior angle of scapula
- sternocleidomastoid muscle:
- origin: manubrium of sternum and sternal extremity of clavicle (2-headed)
- insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
- descending part of the trapezius muscle:
- origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance and nuchal ligament
- insertion: acromial extremity of clavicle
- anterior scalene muscle:
- origin: anterior tubercle of the transverse process C3-C6
- insertion: first rib
- middle scalene muscle:
- origin: transverse process C2 and between the anterior and posterior tubercle of the transverse processes C3-C7
- insertion: first rib
- posterior scalene muscle (this muscle can sometimes be absent and then makes part of the middle scalene muscle)
- origin: posterior tubercle of the transverse processes C4-C6
- insertion: second rib
- smallest scalene muscle:
- origin: anterior tubercle of the transverse process C7
- insertion: first rib and pleura
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