Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women. Most tumours are discovered by the women themselves.
The crucial question is whether the tumour found in the breast is benign or malignant. The history-taking and a systematic and technically well-executed physical examination of the breasts and associated lymph nodes form the first steps to establishing a diagnosis.
Breast examination is indicated:
- In the case of a (suspected) pathological growth in, or associated with, the breast.
- If there are breast-related symptoms.
- As part of a routine (gynaecological) examination, for example during pregnancy or when giving instructions for self-examination.
All women should be made aware of the importance of regular self-examination of their breasts. Prior to the menopause, it is best to carry this out at the same point during the cycle, preferably during the pre-ovulatory phase.
The breast examination consists of inspection, palpation and examination of the axillae.