Donders’ Confrontation Method
Procedure
- Sit opposite the patient, with your knees just aside of the patient’s knees. Your eye will be positioned at the same height as that of the patient.
- Ask the patient to close the left eye or to loosely cover it with a hand (or with a cover patch if needed).
- Close your right eye.
- The hands are placed in an imaginary plane (a, b, c, d) that is located between your knees and those of the patient.
- The distance of this imaginary plane to your eyes will be at an equal distance to the eyes of the patient.
- In this plane, the sections of the visual fields of both yours (p, o’, q) and those of the patient (p, o, q) are present and they completely overlap [Figure 31].
Figure 31
- Move both hands to the side, so that you can only just see them.
- Make a circular movement around the border of the visual field with both hands, each time moving them slightly further along the border.
- Make alternate movements with fingers of one of either hand, or both hands simultaneously, and ask the patient to indicate which of the hands is making a movement [Figure 32].
Figure 32
- Place one of your hands in the middle of the border of the temporal upper quadrant of the visual field, and the other in the middle of the nasal lower quadrant.
- From this position, move both hands, alternating the fingers of either hand or moving both hands simultaneously towards the middle of the visual field [Figure 33].
- The patient indicates which fingers they can see moving.
- Finally, repeat the procedure but now start from the temporal lower quadrant and the nasal upper quadrant.
- The horizontal and vertical line is examined in the same manner.
- When the examination of the left eye is completed repeat the procedure for the right eye.
Figure 33