{"id":1772,"date":"2010-12-19T09:19:35","date_gmt":"2010-12-19T09:19:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/passive-movement-examination-7\/"},"modified":"2023-09-19T17:09:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T16:09:27","slug":"passive-movement-examination-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities\/principles-of-the-examination\/passive-movement-examination-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Passive Movement Examination"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">This examination is performed for directions in which symptoms of <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>pathology<\/strong><\/span> were encountered during the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">active movement examination<\/span>, or if <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>hypermobility<\/strong><\/span> or a <strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">mild muscle\/tendon<\/span> <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">lesion<\/span><\/strong> is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">suspected<\/span>. This <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>passive function examination<\/strong><\/span> is characterised by the patient not having to undertake any <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">muscle activity<\/span>. This allows the examiner to perform certain movements on the patient.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">In practice, many patients find it difficult to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">completely<\/span> <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>relax<\/strong><\/span>.\u00a0 This examination can be improved by creating an <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">initial situation<\/span> that is as relaxed as possible for both the examiner and the patient.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Adopt a <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>comfortable posture<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Grip is <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>pleasant<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>remains correct<\/strong><\/span>, only touching the joint to be examined.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Other joints that could make a compensatory movement should be <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>stabilised<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The movement is performed <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>gently<\/strong><\/span> and with <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>little force<\/strong><\/span>; the patient should always feel that they can take over the control of the movement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If the examination is performed in this manner, the patient\u2019s confidence in the examiner will <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">increase<\/span> and it will be <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">easier<\/span> for the patient to <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>relax<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">During the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>passive movement examination<\/strong><\/span>, pay attention to the following aspects:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>maximum range of motion<\/strong><\/span> (<em>physiological or limited, e.g. in the case of a contracture<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>course of the movement<\/strong><\/span> (<em>smooth or disrupted, e.g. a locking in the case of a trapped meniscus<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Recurrence<\/strong><\/span> of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Active muscular resistance<\/strong><\/span> (<em>antalgic<\/em>) &#8211; the passive examination is then no longer passive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Crepitations<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>crunching<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>cracking<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Left\/right <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>differences<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Therefore, this part of the functional examination only concerns the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>non-contracting<\/strong><\/span> structures of the musculoskeletal system (<em>ligaments, capsules, discs,\u00a0menisci<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Additionally, the length of separate muscles or muscle groups is assessed so that a possible <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>contracture<\/strong><\/span> (<em>shortening of the muscle<\/em>) can be detected. Descriptions of these muscle length tests can be found in various textbooks.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This examination is performed for directions in which symptoms of pathology were encountered during the active movement examination, or if hypermobility or a mild muscle\/tendon lesion is suspected. This passive function examination is characterised by the patient not having to undertake any muscle activity. This allows the examiner to perform certain movements on the patient.\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-1772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-principles-of-the-examination","tag-the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Passive Movement Examination - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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