{"id":1770,"date":"2010-12-19T09:18:53","date_gmt":"2010-12-19T09:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/inspection-10\/"},"modified":"2023-09-19T17:20:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T16:20:15","slug":"inspection-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities\/principles-of-the-examination\/inspection-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Inspection"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>visual observation<\/strong><\/span> begins when the doctor and patient meet and ends when the patient closes the door after the consultation. Therefore, <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>inspection<\/strong><\/span> is an activity that is not just limited to the initial part of the examination. Nevertheless, considerable benefits can be gained if part of the overall examination is explicitly dedicated to the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">inspection<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">A number of criteria must be satisfied for maximum benefit to be obtained from this subsidiary examination:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ambient <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>temperature<\/strong><\/span> should be comfortable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">There must be <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>sufficient space<\/strong><\/span> and <strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">uniform lighting<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Privacy<\/strong><\/span> must be sufficiently safeguarded.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Patient should be sufficiently <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>undressed<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Patient should be in the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>correct position<\/strong><\/span> (<em>standing, sitting, lying<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Examiner must be able to stand at <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>sufficient distance<\/strong> <\/span>from the patient (<em>postural aspects in particular, can only be assessed properly at a sufficient distance<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Clear<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>simple instructions<\/strong> <\/span>must be given to the patient.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124602332?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">During the inspection, attention should be paid to the following <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>four aspects<\/strong><\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Shape &#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Mainly determined by <em>bones<\/em>, <em>joints<\/em>, <em>muscle<\/em> and <em>fat tissue<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Skin<\/span> &#8211;<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<em>Colour<\/em>, <em>hair cover<\/em>, <em>scars<\/em>, <em>vascular pattern<\/em> and other aspects often provide important information about underlying <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">conditions<\/span> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">abnormalities<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Position &#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Everything related to <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>posture<\/strong><\/span>, e.g. the position of the lower leg with respect to the upper leg (<em>genu varum\/genu valgum, hyperextension or hyperflexion of the knee<\/em>) or position of the spinous process (<em>scoliosis<\/em>). Initially, it is wise to examine the patient in the spontaneously-adopted initial posture and only then in the \u2018<em>anatomical position<\/em>\u2019. In the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>spontaneously-adopted posture<\/strong><\/span>, certain abnormalities might already be apparent (<em>genu valgum<\/em>). In the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>anatomical posture<\/strong><\/span>, the patient should stand upright, with face and feet pointing forwards and arms along the side of the body and the palms of the hands facing forwards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Movement &#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Spontaneous movements (<em>pulsations, fasciculations, tics, breathing movements<\/em>). <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Voluntary<\/strong><\/span> movements are assessed during <em>walking<\/em> and the <em>active movement tests<\/em>. Left and right differences determine the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>degree of symmetry<\/strong><\/span> and are expressed in the shape and\/or posture and movement (<em>e.g. muscle atrophy<\/em>). Sometimes structures observed during the inspection need to be confirmed by <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>palpation<\/strong><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The visual observation begins when the doctor and patient meet and ends when the patient closes the door after the consultation. Therefore, inspection is an activity that is not just limited to the initial part of the examination. Nevertheless, considerable benefits can be gained if part of the overall examination is explicitly dedicated to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-1770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-principles-of-the-examination","tag-the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inspection - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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