{"id":1481,"date":"2010-12-06T09:39:25","date_gmt":"2010-12-06T09:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/perception\/"},"modified":"2023-11-01T16:54:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T16:54:02","slug":"perception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-psychiatric-interview\/characteristics-of-the-mental-status-examination\/perception\/","title":{"rendered":"Perception"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">These are <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>subjective experiences<\/strong><\/span> that can only be determined by asking the patient about them. <\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Disorders in perception and self-perception are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Illusion\/Illusionary Deception<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Relates to a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mistaken interpretation<\/span> of a true sensory stimulus, such as mistaking a shrub or tree for a human being. On closer examination, one usually corrects such an interpretation. An illusion does not indicate psychopathology, but is indicative of a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">clouded consciousness<\/span>, e.g. <em>drugs<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Hallucination<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">During the anamnesis, a given patient may display behaviour that suggests <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">perceptual disturbances<\/span>, e.g. <em>patient talking or arguing with a non-existent interlocutor<\/em>. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">There are five distinct types of hallucinations:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Auditory hallucination<\/strong><\/span>; hearing sounds or voices. Auditory hallucinations are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">psychotic disorders<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">delirium<\/span>, but may occur on their own in the general population without additional evidence of a psychiatric disorder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Visual hallucination<\/strong><\/span>; seeing ghosts, people or objects. Visual hallucinations are a indication of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">delirium<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">intoxication<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">drug dependency<\/span> withdrawal symptoms (<em>amphetamines, cocaine, alcohol<\/em>), but also of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">epilepsy<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">visual impairment<\/span> (<em>Charles Bonnet syndrome<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Olfactory hallucination<\/strong><\/span>, the smelling of odours. Olfactory hallucinations are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">non-psychiatric disorders<\/span>, but also of an <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">emotional disorder<\/span> in which a scent memory is important for the patient. Patients with depression may indicate smelling an odour of death.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Gustatory hallucination<\/strong><\/span>; tasting or having the sensation of a taste in the mouth. Gustatory hallucinations are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">neurological disorders<\/span>, including <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">epilepsy<\/span>, but also of a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">psychotic disorder<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Haptic hallucination<\/strong><\/span>; feeling something on or under the skin or inside the body. Haptic hallucinations are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span>, but also for <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">substance abuse<\/span> (<em>hallucination\/illusion of insect infestation\/fornication<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Derealisation<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">This is a usually unpleasant, subjective sensation of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">alienation<\/span> from <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>one\u2019s surroundings<\/strong><\/span>. The patient is aware of the unreal character of the experience. Derealisation is indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">acute stress disorder<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">panic disorder<\/span> and of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">cannabis use<\/span> (<em>usually an overdose<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Depersonalisation<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">This is a usually unpleasant, subjective sensation of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">alienation<\/span> from <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>oneself<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>one\u2019s body<\/strong><\/span>. The patient is aware of the unreal character of the experience. It is a specific indication of a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">depersonalisation disorder<\/span>, but can also occur when using <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">drugs<\/span> such as amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Body Perception Disorder<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">This is the case when a patient <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">denies presence<\/span> of their <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>body<\/strong><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>body parts<\/strong><\/span>. On the other hand, preoccupation with an exaggerated or non-existent defect in body physical features is indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">body dysmorphic disorder<\/span>. Body image distortion is a frequent symptom in patients with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">anorexia nervosa<\/span>, where they view themselves as being overweight, despite clear evidence of the contrary.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>These are subjective experiences that can only be determined by asking the patient about them. Disorders in perception and self-perception are: Illusion\/Illusionary Deception. Relates to a mistaken interpretation of a true sensory stimulus, such as mistaking a shrub or tree for a human being. On closer examination, one usually corrects such an interpretation. An illusion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[150],"class_list":["post-1481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-characteristics-of-the-mental-status-examination","tag-the-psychiatric-interview"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Perception - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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