{"id":1480,"date":"2010-12-06T09:39:03","date_gmt":"2010-12-06T09:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/interlectual-functions\/"},"modified":"2023-11-01T17:00:57","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T17:00:57","slug":"interlectual-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-psychiatric-interview\/characteristics-of-the-mental-status-examination\/interlectual-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Intellectual Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Judgment Skills<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ability to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">understand one\u2019s personal circumstances<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">place these within a context<\/span>, plus the ability to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">choose fitting goals<\/span> by socially acceptable means. In disorders such as <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dementia<\/span> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">frontal lobe syndrome<\/span>, patients have serious misconceptions about what they can still achieve. Patients with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mania<\/span> may have very unrealistic goals. The depressed patient is pessimistic or underestimates their potential, while the anxious patient has a realistic view on his capabilities, but tends to stress dangers and\/or obstacles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Intelligence<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ability to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">gather knowledge<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">call on this knowledge<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">use it rationally<\/span> in coping with novel situations. An assessment of the level of intelligence is based, among other aspects, on the level of education received, on the vocabulary the patient uses and on the problem-solving competence at the time of anamnesis. For more specific research into a patient\u2019s intelligence, <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>neuropsychological test batteries<\/strong><\/span> are used. Dysfunctions in intelligence are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mental retardation<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">developmental disorders<\/span>. In addition, a variety of psychiatric disorders can reduce intelligence compared to premorbid functioning, in particular <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">cognitive disorders<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">depression<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Insight Into The Disease <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ability to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">understand<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">explain<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">accept complaints<\/span> on a cognitive level. When insight into the disease is absent, the cause of the symptoms of the disease are attributed to something else, and it is impossible for the patient to accept alternative explanations. Disorders of insight are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mania<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">cognitive disorders<\/span>. When insight into the disease is absent, there is often also a <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>dysfunctional disease awareness<\/strong> <\/span>(<em>patient is aware that there is something wrong and therefore seeks help<\/em>). A dysfunctional disease awareness means that the patient is unable to recognise signs or symptoms of illness, which is indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dementia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mania<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">depressive disorder<\/span> with psychotic symptoms, but also of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dissociative disorders<\/span> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">morpho-dysphoria<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Abstract Reasoning <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ability to adequately <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">solve new and complex problems<\/span>. An impairment in abstract reasoning means that the patient can no longer generalise, and often thinks concretely. This is indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dementia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mental retardation<\/span>, but also of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span> or <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">autism<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong><em>Executive Functions<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ability to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">plan the initiation<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sequence<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">control<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">abortion of complex acts<\/span>. Conditions of undisturbed executive functions are: proper attention, some abstract reasoning and proper imprinting. Dysfunctions in executive functioning are indicative of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">obsessive-compulsive disorder<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dementia<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">schizophrenia<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">brain trauma<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Judgment Skills Ability to understand one\u2019s personal circumstances and place these within a context, plus the ability to choose fitting goals by socially acceptable means. In disorders such as dementia or frontal lobe syndrome, patients have serious misconceptions about what they can still achieve. Patients with schizophrenia or mania may have very unrealistic goals. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[150],"class_list":["post-1480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-characteristics-of-the-mental-status-examination","tag-the-psychiatric-interview"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Intellectual Functions - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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