{"id":1285,"date":"2010-12-04T15:11:13","date_gmt":"2010-12-04T15:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/muscle-tests-7\/"},"modified":"2023-11-21T17:20:17","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T17:20:17","slug":"muscle-tests-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities\/the-foot-and-the-ankle\/muscle-tests-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Muscle Tests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124602359?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Procedure<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The patient sits on the examination table with the lower legs dangling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Examine the muscles by having them contract isometrically. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The examiner should provide resistance to the force produced by the patient. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ensure adequate stabilisation with your other hand (<em>be aware of compensatory movements<\/em>). <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Inquire about pain. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If pain is indicated, then compare left\/right.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If necessary, palpate the muscles:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To determine the muscle tone and the maximum point of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To differentiate between lipomas and muscle herniations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If an avulsion or muscle rupture is suspected.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Initially, isometric testing of the different muscle groups is sufficient. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If the patient indicates pain during this, after the left and right comparison, examine the various muscles of the group of muscles concerned separately if possible. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Have the patient tense the muscles as selectively as possible:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The dorsal flexors (<em>extensors: in particular extensor digitorum longus muscle, extensor hallucis longus muscle, tibialis anterior muscle<\/em>) <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>[Figure 108]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1273\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-108.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-108.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-108-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 108<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The plantar flexors (<em>in particular triceps surae muscle, tibialis posterior muscle, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles, flexor digitorum longus muscle, flexor hallucis longus muscle<\/em>)<em><strong> [Figure 109]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1274\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-109.jpg\" alt=\"l\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-109.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-109-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 109<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The eversion muscles (<em>in particular peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles, tibialis anterior muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 110]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1275\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-110.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-110.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-110-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 110<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The inversion muscles (<em>in particular tibialis anterior muscle, tibialis posterior muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, flexor hallucis longus muscle<\/em>) <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>[Figure 111]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1276\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-111.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-111-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 111<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>The following muscles may be tested more or less selectively:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124602377?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Extensor digitorum longus muscle (<em>and peroneus tertius muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 112]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Dorsal flexion of the feet, extension of the MTP, PIP and DIP joints <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">II to V (<em>extension applies solely to the extensor digitorum longus muscle<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1277\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-112.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-112.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-112-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 112<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Extensor hallucis longus muscle<em><strong> [Figure 113]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Dorsal flexion of the foot and extension of MTP I and <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">IP I.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1278\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-113.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-113.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-113-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 113<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tibialis anterior muscle <em><strong>[Figure 114]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Dorsal flexion and inversion of the foot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1279\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-114.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-114.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-114-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Selective muscle test of the tibialis anterior muscle. The examiner should bring the foot from the \u2018<em>neutral position<\/em>\u2019 into dorsal flexion and ask the patient to perform inversion from this position against the resistance provided by the examiner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00d7 = Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Tibialis posterior muscle <em><strong>[Figure 115]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Rupture, shin splints, compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1280\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-115.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-115.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-115-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 115<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Selective muscle test of tibialis posterior muscle. The examiner brings the foot from the \u2018<em>neutral position<\/em>\u2019 into plantar flexion and asks the patient to perform inversion from this position against the resistance provided by the examiner.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles <em><strong>[Figure 116]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Avulsion fracture involving the peroneus brevis muscle, compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1281\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-116.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-116-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 116<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Selective muscle test of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles. The examiner should bring the foot from the &#8216;<em>neutral position<\/em>\u2019 into plantar flexion and ask the patient to perform eversion from this position against the resistance provided by the examiner.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Gastrocnemius muscle <em><strong>[Figure 117]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Plantar flexion of the foot (<em>examine with knee extended<\/em>) and flexion of the knee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> \u2018<em>Whiplash<\/em>\u2019 (<em>muscle rupture<\/em>), rupture of the Achilles tendon, compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1282\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-117.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-117.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-117-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 117<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Flexor digitorum longus muscle<em><strong> [Figure 118]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot and flexion of the second to fifth MTP, PIP and DIP joints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em><\/strong>: Shin splints, compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1283\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-118.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-118.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-118-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 118<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Flexor hallucis longus muscle <em><strong>[Figure 119]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function<\/em>:<\/strong> Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot and flexion of MTP I and IP I.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder<\/em>:<\/strong> Shin splints, compartment syndrome.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1284\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-119.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-119.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-119-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 119<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Procedure The patient sits on the examination table with the lower legs dangling. Examine the muscles by having them contract isometrically. The examiner should provide resistance to the force produced by the patient. Ensure adequate stabilisation with your other hand (be aware of compensatory movements). Inquire about pain. If pain is indicated, then compare [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-1285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-foot-and-the-ankle","tag-the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Muscle Tests - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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