{"id":1224,"date":"2010-12-04T14:51:00","date_gmt":"2010-12-04T14:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/muscle-tests-6\/"},"modified":"2023-12-04T10:28:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T10:28:26","slug":"muscle-tests-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities\/the-knee\/muscle-tests-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Muscle Tests"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124602275?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Procedure<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The patient\u2019s position depends on the muscle or group of muscles to be tested.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Examine the muscles by causing them to tense isometrically (<em>without inducing movement of the limb<\/em>). <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Offer <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>resistance against the force<\/strong><\/span> elicited from the patient in response to a request to make a certain movement. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Enquire about pain. If pain is indicated, compare left and right.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If necessary, palpate the muscles:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To determine the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>muscle tone<\/strong><\/span> and the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>maximum point<\/strong><\/span> of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To differentiate between <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>lipomas<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>muscle herniations<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">In the case of a <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>suspected avulsion<\/strong><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>muscle rupture<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Initially, it is enough to isometrically test for pain in the different groups of muscles. If the patient indicates pain, separately examine the various muscles of the group of muscles concerned. Have the muscles tensed as selectively as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The flexors <em><strong>[Figure 63]<\/strong> <\/em>in particular: the gracilis muscle, sartorius muscle, plantaris muscle, biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle, semimembranosus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1219\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-63.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-63.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-63-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 63<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The extensors<em><strong> [Figure 64]<\/strong><\/em> in particular: the rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle and vastus intermedius muscle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1220\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-64.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-64.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-64-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 64<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>The following muscles can more or less be tested selectively:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124602281?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Biceps femoris muscle <em><strong>[Figure 65]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function:<\/em> Flexion and exorotation of the knee, and extension of the hip in particular.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder:<\/em> Bursitis and tendonitis at the site of attachment to the fibular head.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1221\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-65.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-65.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-65-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><strong><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 65<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Muscle test of the biceps femoris muscle. Flex (less than 90\u00ba) and exorotate the knee. Subsequently, in this position give counter resistance in the direction of the knee extension while at the same time instructing the patient to flex their knee.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Semi-membranosus muscle, semi-tendinosus muscle and gracilis muscle <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>[Figure 66]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function:<\/em> <\/strong>Flexion and endorotation of the knee, extension of the hip in particular (<em>this only applies to the first two muscles stated<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder:<\/em><\/strong> Bursitis at the height of the pes anserinus (<em>superficial and deep<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1222\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-66.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-66.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-66-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 66<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Muscle test of the semimembranosus muscle, semitendinosus muscle and gracilis muscle. Flex (less than 90\u00ba) and endorotate the knee. Subsequently in this position give counter resistance in the direction of the knee extension while at the same time asking the patient to flex the knee.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Sartorius muscle <em><strong>[Figure 67]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function: <\/em><\/strong>Flexion of the knee, as well as flexion and exorotation of the hip.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder:<\/em> <\/strong>Bursitis at the height of the pes anserinus.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1178\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-30.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-30.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-30-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 67<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Gastrocnemius muscle <em><strong>[Figure 68]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Function:<\/em><\/strong> Flexion of the knee, and plantar flexion of the foot in particular (to test this muscle selectively compared to the other knee flexors you can best examine the plantar flexion of the foot when the knee is extended (!); even though by doing this you are also testing the other calf muscles).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If you want to distinguish the gastrocnemius muscle from the other calf muscles you should subsequently test the plantar flexors with a knee in 90\u00b0 flexion. The gastrocnemius muscle is far less involved in this starting position.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Disorder:<\/em><\/strong> \u2018<em>Whiplash<\/em>\u2019, rupture of the Achilles tendon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>NB:<\/em> It is barely impossible to selectively test the other aforementioned muscles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1223\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-68.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-68.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/LowerExtrem_le-fig-68-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 68<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Procedure The patient\u2019s position depends on the muscle or group of muscles to be tested. Examine the muscles by causing them to tense isometrically (without inducing movement of the limb). Offer resistance against the force elicited from the patient in response to a request to make a certain movement. Enquire about pain. If pain is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-1224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-knee","tag-the-examination-of-the-lower-extremities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Muscle Tests - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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