{"id":1032,"date":"2010-12-03T18:21:54","date_gmt":"2010-12-03T18:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/muscle-tests-2\/"},"modified":"2024-03-01T17:12:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T17:12:13","slug":"muscle-tests-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/index.php\/the-examination-of-the-upper-extremities\/the-shoulder-girdle\/muscle-tests-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Muscle Tests"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Procedure<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124036557?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The patient stands or sits comfortably with their arms hanging down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Examine the muscles by having them <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>tensed isometrically<\/strong><\/span> (<em>without movement<\/em>). <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Offer <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>resistance<\/strong><\/span> to the <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>force<\/strong><\/span> elicited from the patient by having them initiate a certain movement. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Ensure good fixation with the other hand (<em>be aware of compensatory movements<\/em>). <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Whilst performing the test, inquire about any pain. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If pain is indicated, compare left with right.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If necessary, palpate the muscles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To determine the tone and the maximum point of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">To differentiate between lipoma and muscle herniation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\">If an avulsion or muscle rupture is suspected.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">An<span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong> isometric test<\/strong><\/span> for pain in the different muscle groups should suffice. If the patient indicates pain symptoms during this test, individually investigate the various muscles of the muscle group in question (<em>following a left-right comparison<\/em>). Ensure that these are tensed as selectively as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Anteflexion<\/strong><\/span> (<em>deltoid muscle, pectoralis major muscle, coracobrachialis muscle<\/em>)<em><strong> [Figure 36]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1017\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-36.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-36.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-36-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 36<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Retroflexion<\/strong><\/span> (<em>deltoid muscle, teres major muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 37]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1018\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-37.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-37.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-37-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 37<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Abduction<\/strong><\/span> (<em>deltoid muscle, supraspinatus muscle<\/em>)<em><strong> [Figure 38]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1019\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-38.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-38.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-38-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 38<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Adduction<\/strong><\/span> (<em>pectoralis major muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle<\/em>) <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>[Figure 39]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1020\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-39.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-39.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-39-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 39<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Outward rotation<\/strong><\/span> (<em>infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle<\/em>) <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>[Figure 40]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1021\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-40.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-40.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-40-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 40<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Inward rotation<\/strong><\/span> (<em>subscapularis muscle, pectoralis major muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, teres major muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 41]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1022\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-41.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-41.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-41-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 41<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Elevation<\/strong><\/span> (<em>trapezius muscle, levator scapulae muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 42]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1023\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-42.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-42.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-42-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 42<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Extension of the elbow<\/strong><\/span> (<em>triceps brachii muscle<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 43]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1024\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-43.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-43.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-43-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 43<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Flexion of the elbow<\/strong><\/span> (<em>biceps brachii<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 44]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1025\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-44.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-44.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-44-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 44<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>The sternocleidomastoid muscle, the rhomboid muscles and the serratus anterior muscle can only be tested selectively.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>The following muscles can be tested more or less selectively:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Sternocleidomastoid muscle<\/strong><\/span> <em><strong>[Figure 45]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Homolateral flexion, contralateral rotation of the head.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Torticollis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124036562?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1026\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-45.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-45.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-45-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 45<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Deltoid muscle<\/strong><\/span> (<em>acromial origin<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 46]<\/strong><\/em>.<em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Abduction of the arm (<em>in <\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>approximately 75\u00b0 abduction<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Atrophy due to axillary nerve lesion with dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124036583?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1027\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-46.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-46-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 46<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Deltoid muscle<\/strong> <\/span>(<em>scapular spine origin<\/em>) <em><strong>[Figure 47]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Retroflexion of the arm (<em>starting from <\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>approximately 75\u00b0 abduction<\/em>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Atrophy due to axillary nerve lesion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1028\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-47.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-47.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-47-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 47<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Serratus anterior muscle<\/strong><\/span> <em><strong>[Figure 48]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Fixation of the scapula dorsally against the thorax and outward rotation and gliding motion of the scapula.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Winging of the scapula.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1029\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-48.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-48.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-48-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 48<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Rhomboid muscle<\/strong><\/span> <em><strong>[Figure 49]<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Inward rotation, and upwards and medial gliding <\/span><span style=\"color: #003366;\">movement of the scapula.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Hypertonia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124036590?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block; color: #003366;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1030\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-49.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-49.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-49-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Latissimus dorsi muscle<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>teres major muscle<\/strong><\/span><em><strong> [Figure 50]<\/strong><\/em>. <em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Function<\/em>: Retroflexion, inward rotation and adduction of the arm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span class=\"jce_caption\" style=\"display: inline-block;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1031\" style=\"margin: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/cloverock.info\/mockosce23\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-50.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.qpercom.com\/sim\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/UpperExtrem_ue-fig-50-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><strong><span style=\"width: 400px; display: block;\">Figure 50<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">The following muscles cannot be tested selectively (<em>without numerous other muscles engaging<\/em>):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Trapezius muscle<\/strong><\/span> (<em>descending part<\/em>) and levator scapulae muscle.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Hypertonia, myogelosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Pectoralis major muscle<\/strong><\/span> (<em>clavicular part\/sternocostal part<\/em>).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Blunt trauma.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Deltoid muscle<\/strong><\/span> (<em>clavicular part<\/em>).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Atrophy because of axillary nerve lesion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Coracobrachialis muscle<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Tendonitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Rotator cuff muscles<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Tendonitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Triceps brachii muscle<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Tendonitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Biceps brachii muscle<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em>Disorder<\/em>: Tendonitis, involving the long head of the biceps muscles; ruptured long head of the biceps muscle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">For the examination of muscle strength, refer to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The Neurological Examination<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Procedure The patient stands or sits comfortably with their arms hanging down. Examine the muscles by having them tensed isometrically (without movement). Offer resistance to the force elicited from the patient by having them initiate a certain movement. Ensure good fixation with the other hand (be aware of compensatory movements). Whilst performing the test, inquire [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[141],"class_list":["post-1032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-the-shoulder-girdle","tag-the-examination-of-the-upper-extremities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Muscle Tests - Qpercom | Skills in Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Online Mock OSCEs with examiners, patient actors, instant results and personalised feedback. 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